• The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories

  2024-12-07

  

  The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories of compounds at different stages of development [1], [9], [10], [96]. In Table 1 we summarize the most promising antifungal molecules that are in preclinical and in clinical development. Several compounds in the pipeline are derivatives of

• Sorafenib was the first small RTK inhibitor

  2024-12-07

  

  Sorafenib was the first small RTK inhibitor drug to be developed and was initially approved against renal cell carcinoma, then against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and more recently for differentiated thyroid treatment [111]. Sunitinib soon followed, being approved for gastrointestinal stromal tum

• The specific functions of ERs and AR underline

  2024-12-07

  

  The specific functions of ERs and AR underline their crucial roles during different phases of spermatogenesis. Their deregulation could affect numerous downstream targets, thereby, disrupting spermatogenesis and male fertility. Various studies have shown that estrogen-like chemicals in the environme

• Circular dichroism CD provides useful information about prot

  2024-12-07

  

  Circular dichroism (CD) provides useful information about protein structure, the extent and rate of structural changes and ligand binding. CD is a form of light GS-4997 spectroscopy that measures differences in the absorbance of right- and left-circularly polarized light (rather than the commonly u

• 1632 When arachidonic acid is used as a substrate

  2024-12-07

  

  When arachidonic 1632 is used as a substrate, the platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase produces predominantly the 12S-hydroperoxy derivative. In contrast, the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenases generate substantial amounts of the 15-lipoxygenase product in addition to the 12S-hydroperoxy derivative. The ra

• In a working group exposed

  2024-12-07

  

  In 2008, a working group exposed 12-month-old transgenic mice (mutation for human amyloid precursor protein expression) and their non-transgenic littermates to isoflurane and halothane for 120min per day for five days. It was concluded that in the transgenic mouse there was overload of amyloid prote

• br Conflict of interest statement

  2024-12-06

  

  Conflict of interest statement Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly complex process characterized by an increased number of epithelial and stromal genotyping mice in the transition zone. , , Autopsy studies by McNeal detail the evolution of histological changes within these 2 cellul

• SU11274 br Funding br Introduction l Dihydroxyphenylalanine

  2024-12-06

  

  Funding Introduction l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its chronic use induces severe motor complications that eventually limit its long-term efficacy (Bastide et al., 2015). The most disabling side

• br Results br Discussion Autophagy

  2024-12-06

  

  Results Discussion Autophagy is considered as an important process in physiological and pathological ovarian function. It is related mainly to follicular atresia and CL regression (for review see [20]). However, an involvement in luteal cell survival is also proposed [21], [22]. The present st

• br Innate immune mechanisms that confront viral infection br

  2024-12-06

  

  Innate immune mechanisms that confront viral infection Autophagy induction by virus sensing Antiviral xenophagy and virophagy The presence of viral particles within autophagosomal structures has been visualized in only rare instances. This is the case for HSV-1 when it is devoided of ICP34.

• The known crystal structures of class C GPCR VFTs do

  2024-12-06

  

  The known crystal structures of class C GPCR VFTs do not include attached TM domains, therefore current conformational data may not accurately reflect the dynamics of extracellular domains in full-length receptors. Nevertheless, compelling mechanisms of signal transduction can still be postulated. S

• Apelin APJ triggers a variety

  2024-12-06

  

  Apelin/APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways (Fig. 1). Recent studies from our laboratory showed that apelin-13 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the upregulation of Cyclin D1 expression, which is involved in an ERK-dependent activation of Jagged-1/Notch3 si

• Insulin is the central hormone involved

  2024-12-06

  

  Insulin is the central hormone involved in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism. Other nonmetabolic effects of insulin are intensively studied as well. Activation of insulin receptor not only promotes glucose uptake, protein synthesis, and inhibits lipid metabolism, but also is crucial for re

• An unbiased evaluation of hepatic mRNA

  2024-12-06

  

  An unbiased evaluation of hepatic mRNA was performed to assess the impact of hepatocyte AMPK activation on the transcriptome. The expression of 913 genes were altered in control mice after chronic PF-06409577 treatment, 188 genes were affected by knocking out AMPK in hepatocytes, and expression of 2

• In a recent issue of Minokoshi and colleagues

  2024-12-06

  

  In a recent issue of , Minokoshi and colleagues have added more light to our understanding of the role of hypothalamic AMPK in the regulation of energy balance. Previous seminal work from the same group suggested that AMPK in the PVH might be involved in the modulation of feeding . Here, they show

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